MILITARY SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING

ANIL MITRA PHD, COPYRIGHT © 1985
REFORMATTED and ABRIDGED June 4, 2003

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CONTENTS

1        PARADOX OF PEACE

2        BALANCE OF POWER

3        WAR, OPERATIONS AND MILITARY SCIENCE

3.1      Theories and nature of war

3.2      Law of war

3.3      Practice of war, military science

3.3.1      Search for principles, operations research

3.3.2      Strategic planning and tactical systems

3.3.3      Strategic leadership and war planning

3.3.4      Simulation, readiness and deployment of systems

3.3.5      Fundamentals of tactics

3.3.6      Fundamentals of logistics

3.3.7      Military engineering

3.3.8      Modern armed forces

4        MOBILIZATION

4.1      Economic mobilization

4.2      Social mobilization

5        Reconstruction

6        Information, intelligence and control

6.1.1      Mobilization of civilian research establishment

6.1.2      Technology of information

6.1.3      Warning and detection systems

6.1.4      Counter-intelligence

6.1.5      Military and civilian police

7        MILITARY SYSTEMS

7.1      Science and technology of

7.2      Military industry

7.3      Weapons systems

7.3.1      Primitive classifications

7.3.2      Non-ballistic “weapons” and instruments

7.3.3      Ballistic systems

7.4      Delivery systems

7.4.1      Land vehicles

7.4.2      Naval vehicles

7.4.3      Aircraft

7.4.4      Space systems

7.5      Protective and defense systems

7.5.1      Individual gear

7.5.2      Fortifications

7.5.3      Armored vehicles

7.5.4      Camouflage and decoy systems

7.5.5      Warning and detection systems: see earlier section

7.5.6      Antimissile missiles: deployment techniques and launch systems

7.5.7      Systems approach to defense

8        PREVENTION

8.1      Systems approach to defense

8.2      Systems approach to offense; maintaining balance of power

8.3      Resolution of conflict

8.4      Active prevention

9        Nuclear arms

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1           PARADOX OF PEACE

The paradox of peace is that despite the desire for peace, it has not been a permanent state of civilization. Relative global stability has been achieved in the twentieth century by the build-up of massive and unprecedented power - and risk - of global destruction…

2           BALANCE OF POWER

The balance of power is not too complex in its relations for comprehension but its dynamics seem ponderous. Also, reality or truth in the politics of power is elusive. These factors result in a situation where we can easily imagine a world of peace and security while such a world actually eludes us

3           WAR, OPERATIONS AND MILITARY SCIENCE

3.1         Theories and nature of war

Ethological approaches

Psychological approaches

State as a cause of war

Nationalism as a cause of war

Role of special interest groups

War as an aspect of social conduct [that is, not as an aberration]

3.2         Law of war

Sources of laws of war

Justice and legality in the initiation of war

Standards in the conduct of war

Area of combat

Neutral states

Distinguishing between combatants and noncombatants

Distinguishing between military and civilian

Prisoners of war

The methods of destruction

War at sea

War by aircraft

Conventions on the termination of war

Definition and punishment of war crimes

3.3         Practice of war, military science

3.3.1        Search for principles, operations research

3.3.2        Strategic planning and tactical systems

Relation between strategy and tactics

3.3.3        Strategic leadership and war planning

Relation to logistics, systems analysis

Manpower deployment: land, sea, air

Manpower delivery: land transport, marines, airborne divisions, commandos

Guerrilla warfare

History

Strategy and tactics

Physical and social components of guerrilla warfare

Counter-guerrilla warfare

Legal status of guerrillas

Weapons delivery and deployment [see Military Systems]

Military structure: general and field operations

3.3.4        Simulation, readiness and deployment of systems

3.3.4.1         Modern strategy and weapons of mass destruction

Nature and consequences of nuclear weapons

Logic of nuclear strategy

Strategic posture of superpowers since 1945

Strategy of Western alliance

Soviet strategy

Chinese strategy

Non-aligned nations

Proliferation and its consequences

Combined strategy of nuclear and conventional systems including guerrilla warfare and terrorism

3.3.5        Fundamentals of tactics

Tactical formation

Tactics of attack

Defensive and defensive tactics

Modern naval tactics

Air tactics

Use of aircraft with ground forces

Influence of missile development

Recent air tactics

Guerrilla tactics

Integration of land, sea, and air tactics

Tactics in view of nuclear weapons

3.3.6        Fundamentals of logistics

Relation of logistics to mobilization

Components of logistics

Special features of naval logistics

Issue of power versus movement

Logistics of combined conventional and nuclear systems

3.3.7        Military engineering

Combat engineering: tactical engineer support on the battlefield, weapons maintenance, military communications

Strategic support: construction of airfields and depots, improvement of ports, road and rail communications, bridges, fortification, camouflage projects, aircraft battery and searchlight installations, bomb-shelters, installation and maintenance of strategic and tactical nuclear systems, storage and distribution of fuels

Ancillary support: such as, provision and distribution of maps, disposal of unexploded bombs and warheads

Development of military systems: such as mentioned above, mining, aviation, missile guidance and strategic systems, tanks, weapons, bridges, road systems, airport construction and surfacing techniques, tracking, navigation and locating devices, chemical and nuclear explosives - Manhattan Project, strategic and tactical nuclear systems

Peacetime applications: civil engineering functions: dams, hydroelectric projects, irrigation and flood control, coastal engineering and harbors, disaster relief - earthquake, flood, and hurricane

3.3.8        Modern armed forces

3.3.8.1         The military systems and management of violence

Military bureaucracy

Professional soldier

Military organization, purposes, patterns and relation to operations

Military community

Recruitment and social control

Auxiliary functions of armed forces

Domestic functions

Conflict management

3.3.8.2         Civil-military relations

Militarization of politics

Conditions of military intervention

3.3.8.3         Military law

Persons subject to military law

Offenses against military law

Summary punishment

Courts-martial

Appeals

Wartime procedures

4           MOBILIZATION

Economic and social mobilization

4.1         Economic mobilization

Industrial, food, energy, technological production, and military organization of industry

Resource and manpower delivery and transportation and transportation systems

Maintenance of permanent military forces and systems

Conservation of resources, rationing, substitution

Modern military budgeting

4.2         Social mobilization

Socio-political motivation, education

Moral commitment and compulsory recruitment

Mercenaries

National Guard, civilian defense systems, civilian corps - incendiary, medical, observation and defense

5           Reconstruction

Consequences and scenario analysis

Applied sociology, psychology and economics

Technology of reconstruction

6           Information, intelligence and control

6.1.1        Mobilization of civilian research establishment

6.1.2        Technology of information

6.1.3        Warning and detection systems

Electromagnetic and acoustic sensors

Modern technology and future developments

Warning systems

Modern and future systems

Military communication

Electric signaling

Radio and satellite communications

Laser communications

Codes

6.1.4        Counter-intelligence

Military, civilian, social and international intelligence and counter-intelligence land, naval, air, space systems

Infiltration and covert operations

Mobilization of foreign social, industrial, research

Defense and military establishments

Friendly and antagonistic nations

Propaganda, scenario deployment

Military and civilian police

Hierarchical structure of above systems, including general military systems for efficiency, cover-up, anti-detection and prevention of reverse information flow, false information

6.1.5        Military and civilian police

Hierarchical structure of above systems, including general military systems for efficiency, cover-up, anti-detection and prevention of reverse information flow, false information

7           MILITARY SYSTEMS

7.1         Science and technology of

Weapons

Delivery

Protection

Detection and communication

7.2         Military industry

7.3         Weapons systems

7.3.1        Primitive classifications

Shock weapons, missile weapons, siege systems, land and sea carriers, naval arms, systems and tactics

7.3.2        Non-ballistic “weapons” and instruments

Chemical, biological, and nuclear [as toxins] warfare

Genetic

Climatic warfare, induction of catastrophes, floods, earthquakes, and so on

Psychological warfare

Economic warfare

7.3.3        Ballistic systems

The types are physical, pneumatic and hydraulic, electromagnetic, chemical, nuclear

Artillery

Small arms

Ammunition

Propellants and explosives

Projectiles

Fuses

Rounds

Rockets and missile systems; mines and grenades

Nuclear weapons

Fission

Thermonuclear

Deployment

7.4         Delivery systems

7.4.1        Land vehicles

Road

Track

All terrain

Amphibious vehicles

7.4.2        Naval vehicles

Attack carriers

Amphibious carriers

Battleships [obsolete]

Cruisers

Destroyers

Super destroyers

Patrol boats and other small ships

Amphibians, mine craft, service ships and other auxiliaries

Nuclear propulsion

Submarines

Anti-ship and antisubmarine measures and devices

7.4.3        Aircraft

Fighters

Bombers

Fighter-bombers

Naval aircraft

Reconnaissance aircraft

Air transport

Air tankers

Jet and rocket propulsion

Supersonic and hypersonic vehicles

Automatic guidance systems

VSTOL craft

Helicopters

7.4.4        Space systems

Reconnaissance satellites

Future systems

7.5         Protective and defense systems

7.5.1        Individual gear

7.5.2        Fortifications

Pillboxes, bunkers, bomb shelters, trenches, coastal batteries

Nuclear fortifications and shelters; conventional fortresses

7.5.3        Armored vehicles

Tanks

Airborne and amphibious vehicles

Armored personnel carriers

7.5.4        Camouflage and decoy systems

7.5.5        Warning and detection systems: see earlier section

7.5.6        Antimissile missiles: deployment techniques and launch systems

Strategic defense initiative: “Star wars”

7.5.7        Systems approach to defense

Warning

Detection

Land, sea, air, space-based systems

Prevention of launch: first strike [not regarded as feasible]

Prevention of delivery [not regarded as feasible]

Protection against strike

Post strike system

Evacuation and prevention through social mobilization

Maintenance of viable conventional forces and systems

Prevention: see section below

8           PREVENTION

8.1         Systems approach to defense

Knowledge of offensive systems

Systems approach: above, this page

8.2         Systems approach to offense; maintaining balance of power

8.3         Resolution of conflict

8.4         Active prevention

Arms supplies and weapons control

9           Nuclear arms


LATEST REVISION AND COPYRIGHT

ANIL MITRA PHD, COPYRIGHT 1985, REVISED Wednesday, June 04, 2003 11:04:27


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