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Writers Anil Mitra, © ~1988—2019 Not a main document for my work. Repeats material in History of western philosophy.html; for use in main influences.html. Contents Philosophy I. the Great Western Philosophers Philosophy II. Recent Philosophers Philosophy III. Works from the History of Political and Economic Philosophy Philosophy IV. Recent Writers: Political Philosophy and Related Disciplines Philosophy V. Modern Indian philosophers
PhilosophyThe philosophers selected are those important for future study; History of Western Philosophy has a more complete listing Philosophy I. the Great Western PhilosophersBefore PlatoThe significance of the Greek period before Plato includes the origin of a written tradition of the reflective consciousness of ideas [starting with Thales,] the origin [the Eleatic School and the Sophists] and first maturation of critical thought [Socrates and his legend] PlatoThe “important” aspects [for now] of Plato are: Knowledge: Parmenides [theory of forms] Cosmology: Timaeus Politics: Republic A source for Plato:The Collected Dialogues of Plato, Edith Hamilton and Huntington Cairnes eds., 1961 The traditional order of Plato’s works: Euthyphron [Euthyphro]; Apologia Sokratous [Apology]; Criton [Crito]; Phaedon [Phaedo]; Cratylos [Cratylus]; Theaetetos [Theaetetus]; Sophistes [Sophist]; Politikos [Statesman]; Parmenides; Philebos [Philebus]; Symposion [Symposium]; Phaedros [Phaedrus]; Alkibiades [Alcibiades]; Hipparchos [Hipparchus]; Erastai [Lovers]; Charmides; Laches; Lysis; Euthydemos [Euthydemus]; Protagoras; Gorgias; Menon [Meno]; Hippias Meizon [Hippias Major]; Hippias Elatton [Hippias Minor]; Ion; Menexenos [Menexenus]; Politeia [Republic]; Timaeos [Timeaus]; Critias; Nomoi [Laws]; and Epinomis AristotleAristotle’s works divide into [EB] Logic [Organon;] Natural Philosophy [physical - Physike, Peri ouranou – On the Heavens, Peri geneseos kai phthoras (On Generation and Corruption; On Coming to Be and Passing Away;) Meteorologika (Meteorology;) biological – Peri ta zoa historiai (History of Animals;) Peri zoon morion (Parts of Animals;) Peri zoon kineseos (Movement of Animals;) Peri poreias zoon (Progression of Animals;) Peri zoon geneseos (Generation of Animals) Psychobiological – the collective Parva Naturalia on psychobiological topics – Peri aistheseos (On the Senses and Their Objects; On Sense and Sensible Objects;) Peri mnemes kai anamneseos (On Memory and Recollection;) Peri hypnou kai egregorseos (On Sleep and Waking;) Peri enypnion (On Dreams;) Peri tes kath hypnon mantikes (On Divination in Sleep; On Prophecy in Sleep;) Peri makrobiotetos kai brachybiotetos (On Length and Shortness of Life;) Peri neotetos kai geros (On Youth and Old Age;) Peri zoes kai thanatou (On Life and Death;) Peri anapnoes (On Respiration)] Psychology [Peri psyches and the collective Parva Naturalia] Metaphysics [Ta meta ta physika] Ethics [Nichomachean and Eudemian Ethics] and Politics [Politics] Aesthetics and Literature [Rhetoric and the incomplete Peri poietikes] Descartes, RenéLe Monde [the World,] completed 1633, published 1664 Regulae ad Directionem Ingenii [Rules for the Direction of the Mind; in which Descartes gave four rules for reasoning: 1. Accept nothing as true that is not self-evident, 2. Divide problems into their simplest parts, 3. Solve problems by proceeding from simple to complex, 4. Recheck the reasoning,] written by 1628 published 1701 Discours de la méthode [Discourse on Method], 1637 Meditationes de Prima Philosophia [Meditations on First Philosophy in Which Is Proved the Existence of God and the Immortality of the Soul; includes Decartes’ reflections on methodical doubt] 1641 Spinoza, Benedict deEthica [Ethics] written roughly over 1660-1675, published posthumously [Spinoza died in 1677 and the work was published after his death in that year] Locke, JohnAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690 Two Treatises of Government, 1690 Some Thoughts Concerning Education, 1693 Hume, DavidA Treatise of Human Nature: Book 1 Of the Understanding, Book 2 Of the Passions, Book 3 Of Morals, 1739–40 An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding (a rewriting of the first book of the Treatise which Hume repudiated as immature, with addition of the essay On Miracles), originally titled Philosophical Essays Concerning Human Understanding, 1748. An Abstract of… A Treatise of Human Nature, 1740 Essays, Moral and Political, 1741–42 An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, 1751 Political Discourses, 1752 Four Dissertations, 1757 Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, 1779 Kant, ImmanuelCritique of Pure Reason, trs. 1929, 1951, original German edition, Critik der reinen Vernunft, 1781, rev. ed. Kritik der reinen Vernunft, 1787 Prolegomena to any Future Metaphysics, trs. 1951, Prolegomena zur einer jeden künftigen Metaphysik die als Wissenschaft wird auftreten können, 1783 Critique of Practical Reason, trs. 1949, Critik der practischen Vernunft 1788 Critique of Judgment, vol. 1, Kant's Critique of Aesthetic Judgment and vol. 2, Critique of Teleological Judgment, 1911–28, republished 1952, Critik der Urteilskraft 1790, 2nd ed. 1793 Hegel, George Wilhelm FriedrichThe Phenomenology of Mind, 1807, trs. J. B. Baille, 1967 Science of Logic, 1812-1816 [Objective Logic, 1812 and Subjective Logic, 1816] Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline, 1817 [Logic, Nature, Mind] The Philosophy of Right, 1821, trs. J. B. Baille, 1952 Lecture Notes on Aesthetics, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of History, and History of Philosophy, written about 1823-1827 Schopenhauer, ArthurOn the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason: a Philosophical Essay, 1813 The World as Will and Representation, in two volumes, Volume I, trs. E. F. J. Payne, 1958, original German edition, Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung, 1819; Volume II, trs. E. F. J. Payne, 1958, the original German edition of Volume II appears with the second edition of the work in 1844 in which Volume I is essentially unchanged; a third German edition was published in 1859 Parerga and Paralimpomena [minor works and remnants,] 1851 Nietzsche, FriedrichNietzsche is treated in Recent Philosophers Philosophy II. Recent PhilosophersAdorno, Theodore WiesengrundFormost member of the Frankfurt School Social philosophy, critical theory, epistemology Studies on Hegel, Heidegger, Husserl – in Against Epistemology, Kierkegaard Texts: Kierkegaard: Construction of the Aesthetic, 1933, trs. and ed. Robert Hullot-Kentor, 1989 Against Epistemology: a Metacritique, 1956, trs. Willis Domigno, 1982 Bradley, Francis HerbertAbsolute idealism, ethics and logic Texts: Principles of Logic, 1883 Appearance and Reality, 1893 Essays on Truth and Reality, 1914 Collected Essays, 1935 Carnap, RudolfLogic, semantics, epistemology and philosophy of science Note Carnap’s second meaning of probability i.e. that of ‘theoretical coherence’ Texts: The Logical Syntax of Language, trs. 1937; original German, 1934 Empiricism, semantics and Ontology, in Revue Internationale de Philosophie 4, 1950 The Logical Foundations of Probability, 1950 Meaning and Necessity, 1956 ‘The elimination of metaphysics through the logical analysis of language,’ in A. J. Ayer, ed. Logical Positivism, 1957 Davidson, Donald HerbertPhilosophy of mind and of language It is Davidson’s philosophy of mind, especially his anomalous monism, that is of importance to my analysis of mind and the mind-body issue in Journey of Being Texts: Mental Events, in Essays on Actions and Events, 1980 Frege, Friedrich Ludwig GottlobLogic, analytic philosophy, Platonist philosophy of mathematics Texts: The Foundations of Arithmetic, trs. J. L. Austin, 1952; original German 1884 The Basic Laws of Arithmetic I, trs. and ed. Montgomery Furth, 1964; 1893 The Basic Laws of Arithmetic II, translations of extracts in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of Gottlob Frege trs. and ed. P. Geach and M. Black, 1980; 1903 Gilson, Étienne HenriNeo-scholastic with interests in the main divisions of philosophy and its history My interest in Gilson is that he was the ‘most influential’ historian of mediaval philosophy in the 20th century … and, therefore, I will undertake a study Gilson if I need to study or think about medieval philosophy or Christian scholasticism Text: The Christian Philosophy of St. Thomas Aquinas, trs. from the original French text, Le Thomisme, of 1919 Gödel, KurtGödel remains a seminal figure and, hence his inclusion here. As a result of the startling impact of his 1931 paper “Uber formal unendscheitbare Sätze der… etc.” Gödel will remain forever fascinating in the present period. However, the significance of his work may not quite be the shaking of the foundations that it has often thought to be… and this has, of course, been shown in the literature I will undertake further study of Gödel as the occasion arises Husserl, EdmundIncluded in this list because of the importance, especially to phenomenology and not because of an imperative to be immersed in the works Text: Logical Investigations, trs. JN Findlay, 1970, from Logische Untersuchungeng, 1900–1 Kripke, Saul AaronLogic – especially modal logic i.e. the logical principles of ‘modal’ notions such as possibility, necessity, contingency and ‘strict’ implication; philosophy of language and, secondarily, of mind Kripke’s interest is partly that he was a phenomenon – his first paper, a theorm in modal logic was published in 1959 when he was 19… but also because of: his clarification of the meaning and validity of modal logics, contributions to the theory of truth, analysis of the recalcitrant logical and semantical paradoxes, denial of the distinctions: necessary / a posteriori truths, naming / meaning, sense / reference… ‘Certainly, propositions can be necessary when actually so but a posteriori to a finite mind Text: Naming and Necessity, 1980 Lenin, Vladimir ll’ichHow can one not be interested in Lenin? Bertrand Russell once said that he regarded Lenin as the greatest man he had ever met because, quoting from Bryan Magee, who knew Russell, in Confessions of a Philosopher, 1997 “Lenin combined a brilliant mind with genius-level ability as a man of action, and this gave him extraordinary stature and effectiveness as a person. Also, he had changed the course of world history in a way few individuals ever do.”… note the modern pertinence of text, “Imperialism, the Highest etc… ,” below… because of his dynamism he is almost as interesting as Marx who I do not currently include here [if his name were to occur it would be upon a later writing]… and he is incredibly more interesting than Trotsky or Stalin, the latter whom I might include if I were writing a history of fortuitous thuggery and the former who I would include only in a sentimental moment… I will study Lenin, if at all, at a much later time Texts of interest: What is to be done? Burning Questions of our Movement, 1929 trs. from the 1902 Russian Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism: A Popular Outline, 1933, trs. from the 1916 Russian Collected Works, 47 vols… Nietzsche, FriedrichNietzsche’s interests were in ontology, epistemology, Greek and Christian thought, theory of values, nihilism, aesthetics and cultural theory Texts: The Birth of Tragedy, trs. W. Kaufmann, 1954; original German, 1872 Daybreak, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1982; 1881 Thus Spoke Zarathustra, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1883-5 Beyond Good and Evil, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1966; 1886 The Twilight of the Idols, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1889 The Anti-Christ, R. J. Hollingdale, 1968; 1895 Nietzsche against Wagner, trs. W. Kaufmann in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. W. Kaufmann, 1954; 1895 Ecce Homo, trs. W. Kaufmann, 1968; 1908 Popper, Karl RaimundPopper’s interests were in epistemology, philosophy of science, and political philosophy Texts: The Logic of Scientific Discovery, 1959, trs. of revised and expanded version of Logik der Forschung, 1934 The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945 Indeterminism in quantum physics and in classical physics, in British Journal for Philosophy of Science, 1950 The Poverty of Historicism, 1957 Conjectures and Refutations, 1963 [the next three titles are the three volumes of Postscript: After Twenty Years, in proof since 1957] The Open Universe: An Argument for Indeterminism, 1982 Quantum Theory and the Schism in Physics, 1982 Realism and the Aim of Science, 1983 Quine, Willard Van OrmanLogic, epistemology, philosophy of science and language Texts: On What There Is, 1953 Word and Object, 1960 Ontological Relativity and Other Essays, 1969 The Roots of Reference, 1974 Theories and Things, 1981 Pursuit of Truth, 1990 Russell, Bertrand Arthur WilliamTexts: A Critical Exposition of the Philosophy of Leibniz, 1900 The Principles of Mathematics, 1903 On Denoting, in Mind, 1905 Philosophical Essays, 1910 Principia Mathematica, with A. N. Whitehead, 3 vols., 1910-13, 2 ed., 1927 The Problems of Philosophy, 1912 The Theory of Knowledge, 1913, pub. Posthumously in Colledted Papers, v. VII, 1984 Our Knowledge of the External World as a Field for Scientific Method in Philosophy, 1914 The Philosophy of Logical Atomism, in Monist, 1918-19 Introduction to Mathematical Philosophy, 1919 The Analysis of Mind, 1921 The Analysis of Matter, 1927 An Inquiry into Meaning and Truth, 1940 Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limits, 1948 My Philosophical Development, 1959 Autobiography, 1967-9 Whitehead, Alfred NorthTexts: The Concept of Nature, 1920 Science and the Modern World, 1925 Process and Reality, 1929, corrected ed. D. R. Griffin and D. W. Sherburne, 1967 Adventures of Ideas, 1933 Modes of Thought, 1938 Philosophy III. Works from the History of Political and Economic PhilosophyPolitics and Political Philosophy: Individuals and Major WorksPlato, Republic Aristotle, Politics Cicero, The Republic St Augustine, The City of God Aquinas, Summa Theologica Dante, On World Government Machiavelli, The Prince Hobbes, Leviathan Locke, Two Treatises on Civil Government Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws Rousseau, Social Contract 1762 Burke, Reflections on the French Revolution Paine, The Rights of Man Hegel, The Philosophy of Rights Saint-Simon, The Industrial System Proudhon, What is Property? Marx and Engels, Communist Manifesto JS Mill, On Liberty Bakunin, God and the State Economics and Economic Philosophy: Individuals and Major WorksAdam Smith, The Wealth of Nations 1776 Thomas Malthus, Essay on the Principles of Population l798 David Ricardo, Principles of Political Economy 1817 Karl Marx, Das Kapital 1867-95 Leon Walras, Elements d’économie politique pure 1874-77 Alfred Marshall, Principles of Economics 1890 John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money 1936 Joseph Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 1942 John Kenneth Galbraith, The Affluent Society 1958 Milton Friedman, Inflation: Causes and Consequences 1953 Philosophy IV. Recent Writers: Political Philosophy and Related DisciplinesSource: Robert E. Goodin and Philip Pettit eds., A Companion to Contemporary Political Philosophy, 1993. Analytical PhilosophyPopper, K., The Open Society and Its Enemies, 1945 Popper, K., The Poverty of Historicism, 1957 Benn, S.I. and R.S. Peters, Social Principles and the Democratic State, 1959 Hart, H.L.A., The Concept of Law, 1961 Barry, B., Political Argument, 1965 Rawls, J., A Theory of Justice, 1971 Barry, B., The Liberal Theory of Justice: A Critical Examination of the Principal Doctrines in ‘A Theory of Justice’ by John Rawls, 1973 Nozick, R., Anarchy, State and Utopia, 1974 Dworkin, G., Taking Rights Seriously, 1977 Habermas, J., ‘Wahrheitstheorien’, in Wirklichkeit und Reflexion: Walter Schulz zum 60 Geburstag, 1973 Hayek, F.A. von, Law, Legislation and Liberty: A New Statement of the Liberal Principles of Justice and Political Economy, 3 vols, 1982 Sandel, M., Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, 1982 Pateman, C., ‘Feminist critiques of the public-private dichotomy’, in S.I. Benn and G. F. Gaus, eds, Public and Private and Social Life, 1983 MacKinnon, C., Feminism Unmodified: Discourses on Life and Law, 1987 Dworkin, G., The Theory and Practice of Autonomy, 1988 Buchanan, A.E., ‘Asserting the communitarian critique of liberalism’, Ethics, 99 (1989), 852-82 Kukathas, C., Hayek and Modern Liberalism, 1989 Barry, B., Theories of Justice, 1989 Barry, B., Political Argument: A Reissue, 1990 Nagel, T., Equality and Partiality, 1991 Okin, S.M., ‘Gender, the Public and the Private’, in D.Held, ed., Political Theory Today, 1991 Sen, A., Commodities and Capabilities, 1985 Continental PhilosophyAdorno, T.W., Minima Moralia, 1974 Adorno, T.W., et. al., The Authoritarian Personality, 1950 Adorno, T.W., et. al., The Positivist Dispute in German Sociology, 1976 Camus, A,, The Rebel, trs. A. Bower, 1954 Derrida, J., Speech and Phenomena, trs. D. B. Allison, 1973 Derrida, J., Of Grammatology, trs. G. C. Spivak, 1976 Derrida, J., Writing and Difference, trs. A. Bass, 1978 Foucault, M., Madness and Civilization, trs. T. Howard, 1971 Foucault, M., The Archaeology of Knowledge, trs. A. M. Sheridan, 1976 Foucault, M., Discipline and Punishmen, trs. A. M. Sheridan, 1977 Freud, S., The Psychopathology of Everyday Life, trs. A. A. Brill, 1938 Freud, S., The Interpretation of Dreams, trs. J. Strachey, 1976 Habermas, J., ‘Technology and science as “ideology” ’,Towards a Rational Society, trs. J. J. Shapiro, 1970 Habermas, J., Theory of Communicative Action, 2 vols., trs. T. McCarthy, 1984 Habermas, J., The Philosophical Discourse of Modernity, 2 vols., trs. F. G. Lawrence, 1987 Hegel, G.W.F., The Phenomenology of Mind, 1807, trs. J. B. Baille, 1967 Hegel, G.W.F., The Philosophy of Right, 1821, trs. J. B. Baille, 1952 Heidegger, M., ‘The origin of the work of art’, 1936 and ‘Letter on humanism’, 1947, in Basic Writings, ed. D. F. Krell, ed., 1977 Heidegger, M., Being and Time, trs. J. Macquarrie and E. Robinson, 1967 and trs. Joan Stambaugh, 1996 Horkheimer, M., and Adorno, T.W., The Dialectic of Enlightenment, trs. J. Cumming, 1972 Kierkegaard, S., ‘Fear and trembling’ in Selections from the Writings of Kierkegaard, trs. L. M. Hollander, 1960 Kierkegaard, S., Either-Or, trs. H. V. Kong and E. H. Kong, 1987 Lévi-Strauss, C., Structural Anthropology, trs. C. Jacobson and B. G.. Schoepf, 1968 Lévi-Strauss, C., The Elementary Structures of Kinship, trs. J. H. Bell, J. R. von Sturmer and R. Needham, 1969 Lukács, G., ‘What is orthodox Marxism?’, in History and Class Consciousness, trs. R. Livingstone, 1971 Lyotard, J.-F., The Postmodern Condition, trs. G. Bennington and B. Massumi, 1984 Marcuse H., One-Dimensional Man, 1968(a) Marcuse H., ‘Philosophy and critical theory’, in Negations, 1968 (b) Marcuse H., ‘On revolution’, in Student Power, eds. A. Cockburn and R. Blackburn, 1969 Marcuse H., Soviet Marxism, 1971 Marx, K., ‘Economic and philosophical manuscripts’, in Early Writings, trs. R. Livingstone and G. Benton, 1975 Marx, K., ‘Theses on Feuerbach’, in Early Writings, trs. R. Livingstone and G. Benton, 1975 Marx, K., The German Ideology, trs. C. J. Arthur, 1977 Nietzsche, F., Beyond Good and Evil, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1973 Nietzsche, F., Untimely Meditations, trs. R. J. Hollingdale, 1983 Roussseau, J.-J., The Social Contract and Discourses, 1762, trs. G. D. H. Cole, 1973 Roussseau, J.-J., Emile, 1762, trs. B. Foxley, 1974 Saussure, F. de, Course in General Linguistics, 1916, ed. C. Bally and A. Sechehaye, trs. W. Baskin, 1959 Weber, M., The Protestant Ethic and the Rise of Capitalism, trs. T. Parsons, 1930 HistoryArrow, K.J., Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951, 2 ed. 1963 Debreu, G., Theory of Value, 1959 Grote, J., An Examination of the Utilitarian Philosophy, 1870 Jevons, W.S., The Theory of Political Economy, 1871 Lange, O., ‘Foundations of welfare economics’, Econometrica, 10 (1942), 215-28 Laslett, P., Philosophy, Politics and Society, 1956 Pareto, V., Manual of Political Economy, 1909, trs. A. S. Schwier, 1972 Pocock, J. G. A., The Ancient Constitution and the Feudal Law, 1957 Pocock, J. G. A., ‘The history of political thought: a methodological enquiry’, Philosophy, Politics and Society, Series II, 1962 Sidgwick, H., Methods of Ethics, 1874 Skinner, Q. R. D., ‘Meaning and understanding in the history of ideas’, History and Theory, 8, 1969, 199-215: Meaning and Context: Quentin Skinner and his Critics, 1988, 29-67 Skinner, Q. R. D., ‘The republican ideal of political liberty’ Machiavelli and Republicanism, ed. G. Bock, Q. R. D. Skinner and M. Viroli, 293-309 Tuck, R.F., Natural Rights and Theories, 1979 Tully, J.H., A Discourse on Property, 1980 Walras, L., Elements of Pure Economics, 1874, trs. W. Jaffe, 1954 Winch, P., The Idea of a Social Science, 1958 SociologyBrennan, G. and Walsh, C., eds., Rationality, Individualism and Public Policy, 1990 Broome, J., ‘Irreducibly social goods – comment II’, in Rationality, Individualism and Public Policy, ed. G. Brennan and C. Walsh, 1990 Durkheim, E., The Division of Labor in Society, 1893 Giddens, A., Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, 1971 MacIntyre, A., After Virtue, 2 ed., 1984 Runciman, W. G., A Critique of Max Weber’s Philosophy of Social Science, 1972 Saint-Simon, H., Selected Writings, trs. and ed. Keith Taylor, 1975 Taylor, C., Philosophical Papers, 2 vols., 1985 Veblen, T., The Leisure Class, 1889 Weber, M., The Methodology of the Social Sciences, trs. E. A. Shills and H. A. Finch, 1949 Weber, M., Economy and Society, eds. G. Roth and C. Wittich, 3 vols., 1968 EconomicsArrow, K., Social Choice and Individual Values, 1951 Buchanan, J., ‘The relevance of Pareto optimality’, Journal of Conflict Resolution, 6 (1962), 341-54 Buchanan, J., The Limits of Liberty, 1975 Buchanan, J., Freedom in Constitutional Contract, 1977 Buchanan, J., and Tullock, G., The Calculus of Consent, 1962 Hamlin, A., Ethics, Economics and the State, 1986 Hardin, R., Collective Action, 1982 Harsanyi, J., ‘Cardinal welfare, individualistic ethics, and inter-personal comparisons of utility’, Journal of Political Economy, 63 (1955), 309-21 Harsanyi, J., Essays in Ethics, 1976 Hotelling, H., ‘Stability in Competition’, Economic Journal, 39 (1929), 41-57 Lerner, A., The Economics of Control, 1944 Little, I. M. D., A Critique of Welfare Economics, 1957 Olson, M., The Logic of Collective Action, 1965 Robbins, L., The Nature and Significance of Economic Science, 1932 Samuelson, Paul A., ‘The pure theory of public expenditure’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 36 (1954), 387-9 Samuelson, Paul A., ‘Diagrammatic exposition of a theory of public expenditure’, Review of Economics and Statistics, 37 (1955), 350-6 Samuelson, Paul A., with William D. Nordhaus since 1985, Economics: an Introductory analysis, 1948, 18th ed., 2004 Scitovsky, T., ‘A note on welfare propositions in economics’, Review of Economic Studies, 9 (1941-2), 77-88 Sen, A., ‘Rational fools: a critique of the behavioral foundations of economic theory’, Philosophy and Public Affairs, 6 (1977), 314-44 Political ScienceAbercrombie, N., Hill, S. and Turner, B. S., The Dominant Ideology, 1980 Allison, G. T., The Essence of Decision, 1971 Binder, L., et. al. Crises and Sequences in Political Development, 1971 Cohen, G. A., Karl Marx’s Theory of History, 1978 Geertz, C. A., Old Societies and New States, 1963 Goodin, R. E., ‘The development-rights trade-off’, Universal Human Rights, 1 (1979), 31-42 Lane, R. E., ‘Waiting for lefty: the capitalist genesis of socialist man’, Theory & Society, 6 (1978), 1-28 Lasswell, H. D., Politics: Who Gets What, When, How?, 1950 Levine, H. D., ‘Some things to all men: the politics of cruise missile development’, Public Policy, 7 (1972), 117-68 Mann, M., ‘The social cohesion of liberal democracy’, American Sociological Review, 35 (1970), 423-29 March, J. G., ‘Model bias in social action’, Review of Educational Research, 42 (1972), 413-29 Olsen, J. P., ‘Public policy-making and theories of organizational choice’, Scandinavian Political Studies, 7 (1972), 45-62 Wittfogel, K. A., Oriental Despotism, 1957 Zolberg, A., ‘Moments of madness’, Politics & Society, 1 (1972), 183-208 Legal StudiesBraithwaite, J. and Pettit, P., Not Just Deserts, 1990 Dworkin, R., Law’s Empire, 1986 Fuller, L., The Morality of the Law, 1969 Gunningham, N., Safeguarding the Worker: the Role of the Law, 1984 Hart, H. L. A., The Concept of the Law, 1961 Hart, H. L. A., Punishment and Responsibility, 1968 Hart, H. L. A., Essays in Jurisprudence and Philosophy, 1983 Hart, H. L. A. and Honoré, A., Causation and the Law, 1985 Kennedy, D., ‘Form and substance in private law adjudication’, Harvard Law Review, 89 (1976), 1685 Kennedy, D., ‘The Structure of Blackstone’s Commentaries’, Buffalo Law Review, 28 (1979), 209 Kennedy, D., ‘Legal Education as Training for Hierarchy’, in D. Kairys, ed., The Politics of Law: A Progression Technique, 1982 McBarnet, D., Conviction: Law, the State and the Construction of Justice, 1981 Meiklejohn, A., Political Freedom: the Constitutional Powers of the People, 1965 Posner, R., Economic Analysis of the Law, 1977 Rose-Ackerman, S., ‘Progressive Law and Economics’, Yale Law Journal, 98 (1988), 341 Sadurski, W., Giving Desert its Due, 1985 Sunstein, C. R., ‘Pornography and the first amendment’, Duke Law Journal (1986), 589 Tribe, L. H., American Constitutional Law, 2nd ed., 1988 Tribe, L. H., Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes, 1990 Tushnet, M., The American Law of Slavery, 1981 Waldron, J., The Law, 1990 Philosophy V. Modern Indian philosophersPre-1947 Most of the following group were idealist metaphysicians i.e., they believed that reality is spiritual: Aurobindo Ghosh “Sri Aurobindo” 1872 – 1950 a modern Vedantic philosopher, K.C. Bhattacharya, Rabindranath Tagore, M.K. Gandhi, S. Radhakrishnan, B. Seal, H. Haldar, R.D. Ranade, D.M. Datta, N.V. Bannerjee, R. Das, A.C. Mukherji; N.V. Bannerjee, and R Das, in contrast, were influenced by Hegel and Sankara Post 1947 The following two groups are influenced by analytic philosophy, modern logic, phenomenology and/or Navya-Nyâya –– the logical-epistemological school of Indian Philosophy: P.J. Chaudhury, K.D. Bhattacharya, A.S. Ayub; and a younger group: M. Chatterjee, N.K. Devaraja, Daya Krishna, Bimal Matilal, J.N. Mohanty, Rajendra Prasad, P.K. Sen Non-Indians practicing modes of Indian Philosophy: Daniel Ingalls, Eric Fraunwallner, Eliot Deutsch, Karl Potter ArtLiteratureHomer, The Iliad and The Odyssey Virgil, Aenid Augustine, The City of God Icelandic sagas, Prose Edda and Poetic Edda, …the fullest and most detailed source for modern knowledge of Germanic mythology. Beowulf, the heroic poem of Old English Literature Song of Hildebrand, German The Divine Comedy, Dante Paradise Lost, 1667; Paradise Regained and Samson Agonistes, 1671, John Milton Molière, Racine, Boileau, and La Fontaine of what has been called the greatest age of French literature The 18th century. Britain: Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, and Samuel Johnson, Henry Fielding, Daniel Defoe, Tobias Smollett, Samuel Richardson and Laurence Sterne. France: Voltaire, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles de Montesquieu, Denis Diderot and Jean d'Alembert. In Germany: Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Friedrich Schiller The 19th century – Romanticism. Fabre d'Olivet in France; Wordsworth, Coleridge, John Keats and Lord Byron in England; and Fyodor Dostoyevsky, Aleksandr Pushkin and Mikhail Lermontov in Russia; James Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allan Poe; Walt Whitman, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau in America which, as Wordsworth's pronouncements had done, affirmed the power of “insight” to transcend ordinary logic and experience The 19th century – Post-Romanticism. Heinrich Heine in Germany; Charles Baudelaire, Paul Verlaine, Stéphane Mallarmé and Arthur Rimbaud in France; Jane Austen with Northanger Abbey and Sense and Sensibility in England; especially Benjamin Constant, Stendhal Gustave Flaubert and Émile Zola, also in France; Eliot, Charles Dickens, and Thomas Hardy in England and Nikolay Gogol, Ivan Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Anton Chekhov in Russia; Henrik Ibsen in Norway; August Strindberg in Sweden; Gogol, Turgenev and Anton Chekov in Russia The 20th century. Joseph Conrad, Thomas Hardy, Henry James, D.H. Lawrence, Marcel Proust, André Gide, James Joyce's, Franz Kafka, and Thomas Mann, André Breton, Rainer Maria Rilkem, T.S. Eliot Great art and artistsCave paintings especially animals and the hunt and objects such as Horse a 2½" mammoth ivory carving from Bogelherd cave 28,000 BC the old stoneage [40,000 – 10,000 BC ending with the cessation of the most recent Ice Age] In the new stonage [till historic times] from which the following are remarkable: architecture with houses and shrines including paintings of the animal hunt and monuments such as Stonehenge c. 2000 B.C Egypt: the pyramids and the Great Sphinx at Giza and the statues of the pharaohs; the court of Ramesses II; the coffin of Tutankhamen Sumer: Ziggurat of King Urnammu, Ur, Iraq c. 2100 B.C Greece: The Parthenon; statues - Nike of Samothrace c. 200 BC and The Laocoön Group Rome: The Pantheon, Rome, 118 – 25 A.D Gothic: Notre-Dame, Paris, 1163 – c. 1250; Chartres Cathedral 1145 - 1220, and the stained glass Notre Dame de la Belle Verrière, c. 1170; Amiens Cathedral begun 1220; Salisbury Cathedral, England 1220 – 1770; Gloucester Cathedral, England, 1332 – 1357; Sta. Croce, Florence, begun c. 1295; Florence Cathedral, begun by Arnolfo di Cambio, 1296, dome by Filippo Brunelleschi, 1420 – 36; Milan Cathedral, begun 1386, considered by H. W. Janson to be overly elaborate as a result of detail applied in mechanical fashion over the centuries was completed in 1910 Early Renaissance in Italy: Donatello, statues, 1386 – 1466, Prophet, 1423 – 25, 6' 5"; David, c. 1425 – 1430, bronze, 62¼"; Mary Magdalene, c. 1455, wood, partially gilded. Early Renaissance in Italy: Boticelli, c. 1480, The Birth of Venus High Renaissance in Italy – I cannot, now, do justice to the feeling evoked by Leonardo, Bramante, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, Titian and therefore the selection here is very thin; I hope that this is balanced by the power of evocation of the works. Leonardo da Vinci: Adoration of the Magi, 1481 – 82; The Last Supper c. 1495 – 98. Michelangelo: Pieta, c. 1500; David, 1501 – 4, 13' 5"; The Sistine Ceiling, 1508 – 12 including The Creation of Adam; St. Peter’s, Rome, 1546 – 64, dome completed by Giacomo della Porta, 1590. Raphael: La Belle Jardinière, 1507; The Sacrifice at Lystra, 1514 – 15. Giorgione, The Tempest, c. 1505. Titian: Bacchanal, c. 1518; Man with the Glove, c. 1520; Christ Crowned with Thorns, c. 1570 From 1525 to 1600, in Italy, the period now referred to as Mannerism, the following paintings are audible as voices: Giorgio Vasari, Perseus and Andromedia, 1570 – 72; Sofonisba Anguissola, Portrait of the Artist’s Sister Minerva, c. 1559; Jacopo Tintoretto, The Last Super, 1592 – 94 Of the remaining period until modern times, and even though there is much that speaks, I will note only the art of Albrecht Dürer: The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse, woodcut, c. 1497 – 98; Self-Portrait, painting, 1500; Knight, Death and Devil, engraving, 1513 The Modern Period: here I am being very selective and choose only those works that seem to speak to me from universal and even distant sources. I have probably included some that I would not; omitted some that I would. Cammille Corot, Morning: Dance of the Nymphs, painting, 1850. William Turner, The Slave Ship, 1840; Rain, Steam and Speed, 1844. Caspar David Friedrich, The Polar Sea, 1824. Paul Klee, Twittering Machine, 1922. Jackson Pollock, Autumn Rhythm: Number 30, 1950. Anselm Kiefer, To the Unknown Painter, 1983. Frank Lloyd Wright, Robie House, Chicago, 1909. Foster Associates, Honkong Bank, 1979 – 86. Ansel Adams, Monrise, Hernandez, New Mexico, 1941. Josef Sudek, View from Studio Window in Winter, 1954. Dorothea Lange, Migrant Mother, California, 1936. Mark Tansey, Derrida Queries de Man Art – evocation and communication especially of “what is not said:” time, space, pattern [cause and law,] creation [pattern from nothingness and chaos,] nature, mood and will, feeling Art divisions: literature, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, theatre Art – concept: see Arthur Schopenhauer, The World as Will and Representation, details in the Great Western Philosophers, above Art – history: H. W. Janson, History of Art |