JOURNEY IN BEING

Ways of Being


Document status: December 6, 2005

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CONTENTS

Summaries 178

Preface 178

Introduction 178

Foundation 178

Journey in Being 178

The Fundamental Problems 178

Lexicon 178

Sources and Influences 178

Index 178

The Author 178

SUMMARIES

The summaries have a strikethrough because they are not being incorporated at this time

Central Summary

Prospect for the Journey and its Foundation A SUMMARY

Implications of The Theory of Being

Mind

Object. A summary of knowledge and concepts

Principles of Thought

The Nature of Science

Cosmology

Theoretical Physics: Quantum Theory and the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation

Desirability

Faith

Conclusions and Critical Review. Prospects for Journey in Being A SUMMARY

The Nature of Philosophy

The Journey Continues A SUMMARY

PREFACE: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE ESSAY

On the Publication of the Essay

Outline and Structure

The Audience

Reading the Essay

INTRODUCTION TO THE JOURNEY IN BEING

Introduction to the Nature, Origins and Evolution of the Journey

A Very Short Account of the Journey in Being

The Nature of the Journey

The Use of the Word, ‘Journey’

Journey in Being

The Ambitions

The Primary Goal
Secondary Objectives
Origins of the Ambitions
On the Subject or Agent
On ‘Whole Systems’

Origins and Paths of the ‘Journey’

Significance of the Individual Story

Origins

Criticism of My Life and Thought

Two Paths

Journey: Ideas and Transformation
Life

Origins and Development of the Theory of Being

Knowledge and Faith

The Form of the Essay

Journey-Quest

Essential Concepts and Achievements

Being and the Concept of Being

Core Concepts, Arguments and Conclusions

Core Concepts

Preliminary Concepts (keywords)

Arguments and Conclusions

The Concept of Importance

Achievements

KNOWLEDGE AND CERTAINTY… AND THEIR PLACE IN BEING

The Significance of Knowledge

On the Concern with Certainty

Two Views of Knowledge: Transitional and the Absolute

The Nature and Possibility of the Absolute Framework

Attitudes toward Knowledge and Certainty

Certain and Hypothetical Knowledge

The Disvalue of Certainty

Knowledge and Action

Emotion, Belief and Faith

On Criticism

Some Thoughts on the Nature of Criticism

Aspects of Criticism

The Conceptual Problem of Knowledge

Prospect for the Journey and its Foundation…

The Central Conceptual Issues

The Journey…

Ideas

Transformation

1           FOUNDATION – THE THEORY OF BEING

Key Terms

Introduction to the Theory of Being

On Being

What is –the Meaning of– Being?

Comments on the Word ‘Being’

The Concept of Being

Focus on Being

Power: the Measure of Being

The Elimination of Substance

The Nature of Being

On the Meaning of Being

Significance of the Concept of Being

What Exists: Intension; Appearance and Reality

What Exists: the Theory of Being (link) and the Void (link)

What Exists: Discussion of Intension and Extension

What Exists: Extension

What is the Nature of Existing Things?

Further Significance of the Concept of Being

Comments on the Uses of the Word, ‘Being’
The Idea of Being
The Significance of (the Concept of) Being
The Significance of the Journey
Significance of the Personal Story

Significance of ‘Being’

Choice of the Word, ‘Being’
On Seeking

Expectations for a Theory of Being

What is Expected of a Theory of Being?

General Requirements for a Theory of Being: Motives for a Theory

Motives for a Theory of Being
Rational Requirements for a Theory of Being
Acceptance of  a Theory of Being

General Requirements for a Theory of Being: the Lineaments of a Theory

System for Knowing and Realizing All Actual and Possible Being
Elements of a Theory of Being
Primitives
Methods or Approaches
Results
System of Understanding
System of Explanatory Principles
System of Actual and Possible Being

The Theory of Being Reveals its Own Motivation

Some Issues and Problems that any ‘Complete’ Theory of Being Must Address

Absolute Completeness
Relative Completeness

Outline of The Theory of Being: Metaphysics, Logic, Cosmology and Theory of Knowledge

Theory of Being

Ontology or Pure Metaphysics
Logic
Cosmology
Human Being
Faith

Implications of The Theory of Being

1.1         Metaphysics

Introduction to Metaphysics: its Meaning, Necessity, and Ubiquity

Meaning of Metaphysics in this Essay

The Rise and Fall of Epistemology. The Necessity and Fruitfulness of Metaphysics

General and ‘Proper’ Interpretations of ‘Metaphysics.’ Meaning of Metaphysics in this Section

Being

Essential Topics in the Analysis of Being

Metaphysics

Ontology
Substance, Process and Relationship

Universe

World

The Void

Logos

The Normal

Mind

Becoming

Order and Chaos

Mechanism and Explanation

Form

Form, Logos and Logic
Form and Symbol

Universals

Object

Symbol, Ideal and External Object

The Infinitely Many Attributes Theory

Ideal and External Object

Belief

The Concept

Knowledge

Epistemology as Part of Metaphysics
Comments on the Possibility of Metaphysics and of a Complete System of the Problems of Metaphysics

Theory of Knowledge

Principles of Thought

Truth

The Individual

Truth

On Beauty

On Love

Further Topics in Metaphysics: Logic; Cosmology and Identity; Human Being, Ethics and Action; Faith

1.2         Logic

Logic as the Analysis of Necessary or Constitutive Form

Logics and their Contexts

Conditions for Primal Logic to Obtain

Laws of Logic

Induction and the ‘Scientific Method’

Science and Reality

Law

The Fundamental Problem of Metaphysics

[Why is there Something Rather than Nothing?]

Possibility, Necessity and Actuality

Logic and Argument. Deductive Logics

Logics and their Contexts

Classical Logics

Propositional Calculus

The Predicate Calculi

Modal Logic

Indexicals

Variant logics

Other Contexts

Probability Calculus as a Logic; Quantum Logics

Other Logics

Logic and the Possibility of Metaphysics

Certainty

Logic and the Void

The Void

Identity of Possibility, Actuality and Necessity

Critique of the Development of the Logic

Criticisms

Reference is Necessary for a Sentence to be a Proposition

Relevance for Language

1.3         Cosmology

General Cosmology

Cosmology and Logic

The Void
The Void Exists
Identity of Possibility, Actuality and Necessity
Determinism and Indeterminism. Universal Indeterminism and Local Determinism-like or Causal-like Behavior are not Inconsistent; the latter Necessarily follows from the former
Further Properties of the Void
World, Universe, Law, God

Fundamental ontology

Mind

Space, Time and Space-Time

Two Divides in the Evolution of Being: Cosmos and Symbol

Origins of a Coherent Cosmological System

Origin of the Free Symbolic Capability

Evolution as a Mechanism

Further Cosmological Consequences

Cosmological System; or Phase-Epoch or Coherent Domain of the Universe
Creation, Recurrence, Karma, Annihilation
Being that is the Span of All Being

Normal Cosmology. Local and Physical Cosmologies

The Concept of the Normal

The Normal; Normality and Necessity; Normal Cosmology; Evolution as a Mechanism
Limits, Miracles, Magic

Some Normal Categories and Considerations

Mind and Causation

Action and Choice
Knowledge

Physical Cosmology

Local Origins of Quasi-Causation and Quantum Theory

Space and Time or Space-Time, and Causation

Causation
Dynamics
Space-Time-Matter and Gravitation
Quantum Dynamics

Life…

Order and Chaos in Cosmology

Identity

1.4         Human Being and Society

Human Being: the Organism and its Origins

Human Mind

The Nature of Mind: Comments

Aspects of Mind: Feeling, Awareness, and Consciousness

Normal Psychology

The Normal

Psychology: Introduction to the Elements of Mind

Function

Layered Organization of Mind

Dimensions or Modalities* of (Subjective) Feeling

Direction of Feeling: Attraction / Repulsion or, in More the Specific Case, Pleasure / Pain
Tenor (Mood): Uni-Directional or Fluctuating

Afferent-Efferent

State-Disposition

Memory

Focus-Background*

Part-Whole

Center-Periphery

Integration-Independence

Modularity-Integration (Holism;)
Layering

Bound-Free and Internal-External

Perception, Concepts and Meaning
Wittgenstein’s Contribution Including Use of the Analysis of Solipsism
Feeling-Motivation-Cognition: an Integrated System

Categories (structure and process)

Aspects of Mind. The Categories of Intuition; Axes for Mental Phenomena; Growth and Development

The Categories of Intuition
Axes for Mental Phenomena
The Elements of Intuition
Existential: Being, (Becoming, Being-in, …) Humor…
Physical: Space, Time, Causation, Indeterminism (Humor)
Biological: Life Forms
Psychological or Psychosocial: Image-Concept, Icon-Symbol, Emotion, Humor, Communication, Value, Identity…

Growth, Development and Meaning

Growth – Development, Learning, Accomplishment, Personality and Meaning; Meaning, Commitments and Purpose; Love

Development, Learning, Accomplishment
Love
Exceptional Achievement and Disorder
Personality and Personality Factors; an Approach to the Study (Psychology) of the Person as a Whole
The Whole Individual: a Rationalized Study of Personality
Personality and Identity
Factors for the Psychology of the Person as a Whole
Personality and Meaning
Ontological Psychology

Order and Chaos in the Human Organism and Mind

Language, Logic and Culture

Cognition and Communication

Language, Icon and Thought; Expression of Concepts

Uses of Language

Concepts
Attitudes
Metaphor and Other Non-Literal Uses

Comment on Errors Encouraged By Language

Bewitchment of Intelligence
Bewitchment of Critical Thought
It is as if Language Creates a Universe of its Own

Mind, Symbol and Value as a Proximate Account of Being

Order and Chaos in Human Life and Society

Desirability

Ethics, Value and Political Theory

From a previous discussion of action

From a previous discussion of ethics

Law and Legal Theory

The Highest Ideal

1.5         Faith

Introduction

Faith and Reason

Outline

Faith

Common Faith

Science and Faith

Faith and Action

Faith is not Logically Absurd

Faith and Need

Further Reasons to Have Faith

Criticisms of Faith

Counter-Criticism

Psychology of Faith

Justification of Faith; Faith and Action (Again)

Faith and Reason

States of Faith

Systematic Truth of a Scripture

Given Faith’s Hold, Bridging the Gaps Between the Faiths and Between Faith and Secular Truth May Have Value

A Purpose of the Discussion Has Been to Introduce Doubt Regarding Common Attitudes to Faith

A Generalized Doubt. Is it the Function of the Instruments of Knowledge to Produce Knowledge?

An Approach to Doubt

Bridging the ‘Gaps’ Between Faiths and Between Faith and Secular Truth

Faith and Chaos

Religion, Myth and Charisma

Cosmology, Faith and Religion

Faith and Religion; Common and Esoteric Faith; Articles of Faith

Some Conceptions of Religion

Cognition and Feeling (Emotion) in Religion

Function. Essential Message(s)

Designated vs. Actual Function

Comment on Definition; on Naming

What is Religion?

What is Religion; Inner and Outer Truth (= Non-Literal and Literal Meanings)

Inner Truth Does not Justify Outer Truth

But without Outer Truth there Can be no Inner Significance; Conflict Between Faith and Reason

If the Scientific Picture is Experienced as Alienating, the Alienation is not From Science but the Emotional Response of the Individual

The Scientific Picture is not Inherently Alienating

There are Alienating Ways of Practicing and Teaching Science

Although Science is not Intrinsically Limiting the Picture From Science at any One Time May be so

Significance of the Theory of Being

The Infinities ‘Revealed’ By the Theory of Being

The Theory of Being is not Essential to this Revelation

These Conclusions From the Theory of Being Provide no Absolute Comfort; Suffering and Evil are Essential Parts of the Universe

If Good and Evil and Pleasure and Pain are Necessary, is there any Real Meaning to ‘Good,’ ‘Evil’ ‘Pleasure,’ and ‘Pain?’

Abuses in the Name of Religion

Additional Criticisms of Religions (but not of Religion Itself)

Articles of Faith

Literal or Material Interpretations

Cosmological System; or Phase-Epoch or Coherent Domain of the Universe
Normality and Necessity
Creation, Recurrence, Karma, Annihilation
Karma
Being that is the Span of All Being… or of Some Inclusive Range of Being
Chain of Being: God, …, Individual Soul, Element of Being
God
Articles of Faith
Limits; Miracles; Magic
Heaven and Hell

Non-Literal Interpretations

Classifications or Typologies of Myth, Faith and Religion

Fundamentalist Attitudes

Problems of Religion

Religions of the World

The Place and Future of Religion. Bridging

Conclusions and Critical Review. Prospects for ‘Journey in Being’

Introduction to a Critical Review of the Foundation

Some Criticisms

The Status of the Logic of the Theory of Being

Two Approaches to Foundation

Summary of the Foundation: Primary Implications

Being

Logic is at the Core of Being; there is Always Logic

Paradox and Reference

Logics

Relevance of Logic

The Universe is All Being

The Void is the Absence of All Being – of All Things

What is not a Contradiction is Possible

Actuality, Possibility and Necessity are Identical  (with Regard to the One Universe)

Ontology

The Concept of Normality

There is BEING that Spans All Being

All Being is Interactive

Metaphysics

Mind, Matter and Substance

Mind

Substance

Matter

On Pan-Psychism and Materialism

Knowledge

The Journey

Conclusions on the Nature of Being

The Journey as a Whole… the Character Common to Every Being

Being as a Whole
Human or Animal Being… as Central to Our Journey… and as an Example
Any Being

Development of the Theory of Being

The Ultimate

2           JOURNEY IN BEING

Introduction… Purpose and Function of this Section

Purposes of the Journey in Being that are Narrated in the Section

Intrinsic Purposes

Illustration of Being as Becoming or Journey
Three Journeys; Narrative
…and Development of the Journey
The Understanding of All Being
An Essential Account of the Cumulative Understanding From Human Culture and Animal Being with an Evaluation Based in the Theory of Being –Inclusive of Metaphysics, Logic, Cosmology and Theory of Knowledge– and its Support in the Disciplines and History of Action
A Narrative of Transformation

Applied purposes

Mutual Review of the Foundation and the Traditions

2.1         What is the ‘Journey in Being?

A Map of the Journey

Background: History of Knowledge and Exploration

2.2         Understanding

Background

Unity in Understanding: Metaphysics and the Journey in Being

The Traditions of Knowledge and Systems of Disciplines – Emphasizing Those of the West and of India

Learning From the Disciplines

Metaphysics and Philosophy in Light of the Theory of Being

Metaphysics

Topics in Metaphysics

Philosophy

Metaphysics, Philosophy and the Journey in Being
Characterizing Metaphysics and Philosophy
Philosophy and Analysis
Philosophy of Philosophy: Reflections on the Question, ‘What is Philosophy?’
Mature Philosophical Reflection

Catalog of Fundamental Problems

2.3         Journey to the Ultimate: Transformation of Being

Background

Realization

Dynamics of Transformation

Experiments in Transformation

Construction of Being

Action, Ideals and Society

Analysis: The Modern World

The Journey Continues…

After the Journey

THE FUNDAMENTAL PROBLEMS

Problems of Being and Knowledge Resolved or Illuminated

Problems of Being and Transformation

Problems of Knowledge

Program of Study, Conceptual and Experimental Investigation

Ideas: Being and Aspects of Being

The Concept and Structure of the Journey in Being and its Foundation

Specific Topics for Further Study and Investigation

Development of the Concepts and Terms

Structure and Relations Among Fundamental Concepts

The Nature of the Object

Mind

The Problem of Identity

Language and Thought

Language

Language Structure and Logic

Logic

The Concept and Demarcation of the Unspeakable or Unthinkable

Truth

The Problems of ATOMISM

The Concept of Value and the Ideal

Quantum Theory

Time and Space

Non-Propositional Functions of Language (for Research Plans)

Transformation

Status and Future of the Essay

Planning and Design

Structure of Subsequent Editions

LEXICON

SOURCES AND INFLUENCES

Bibliographic Information

INDEX

THE AUTHOR